Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a computer based method of simulating/analysing the behaviour of engineering structures and components under a variety of conditions. It is an advanced engineering tool that is used in design and to augment/replace experimental testing.

FEA can help you answer questions like: Will your structure/product withstand all working loads? Will permanent deformation occur under given conditions? Will it vibrate uncontrollably under certain conditions? Can it withstand accidents safely? Can you reduce material contents or use less expensive material?

FEA is widely accepted in almost all engineering disciplines. The technique is based on the premise that an approximate solution to any complex engineering problem can be reached by subdividing the structure/ component into smaller more manageable (finite) elements. The Finite Element Model (FEM) is analysed with an inherently greater precision than would otherwise be possible using conventional hand analyses, since the actual shape, load and constraints, as well as material property combinations can be specified with much greater accuracy than that used in classical hand calculations.

The method comprises three stages:

(A) pre-processing, in which the analyst develops a finite element mesh of the geometry and applies material properties, boundary conditions and loads.
(B) solution, during which the program derives the governing matrix equations (stiffness x displacement = load) from the model and solves for the displacements, strains and stresses.=
(C) post-processing, in which the analyst obtains results usually in the form of deformed shapes and contour plots which help to check the validity of the solution. A variety of reporting tools can be used to illustrate the behaviour of the analysis model including colour contour and vector plots, section cuts, isosurfaces, animations, graphs and text output. The results are interpreted and areas of concern are discussed.